MariaDB

Brief Introduction

MariaDB is a community-developed open-source relational database management system (RDMS), which was launched in 2009 as a fork of MySQL.
The intention behind it is to maintain high compatibility with MySQL with exact matching with MySQL commands and APIs. MariaDB databases are based on universal language SQL, which is designed for accessing and managing data in relational databases. The system is programmed in C and C++. MariaDB is cross-platform compatible with all major operating systems - Windows, Linux, MacOS.

How it works?

For the most part MariaDB and MySQL use SQL, meaning that code written for one should usually work with the other as well. That, however, is not always the case. There might be functions written for one that aren’t carried over for the other. 

In general, though, you should be able to export a database from MySQL and directly import it into MariaDB without problems and vice versa - plug MariaDB into a MySQL application with minimal changes. MariaDB has an extensive set of features for high-end scalability and security, as well as features that meet modern demands for performance. Below we’ll name a few of them, of course it’s not an extensive list of all that includes.

Some of the features supported by MariaDB include InnoDB, which is designed for general transaction storage. Aria allows for easy copying of tables between systems, MyRocks offers stronger compression and OQGRAPH handles hierarchies and complex graphs. Furthermore, it supports transactions with ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability - this set of rules guarantee the reliability and security of database transactions).

Another important feature that this database has is that the platform is capable of distributing loads across multiple servers. ColumnStore is specifically developed for big data scaling. Additionally, Galera offers a synchronous multi-master cluster. Spider uses partitioning to achieve data sharding. 

It also uses advanced SQL features like Common Table Expressions (CTEs), Window Functions and JSON data types that enable the creation of complex queries and modern data models. MariaDB not only provides regular security updates, encryption and role-based access control but also numerous plugins for authentication.

Advantages

MariaDB combines performance, scalability, flexibility and open-source availability, making it suitable for projects of any size: whether you’re developing a small web-application or mission-critical system, using it gives you numerous benefits. Followed below, we’ll summarize the key advantages: 

  • Completely open-source: MariaDB is under GPLv2 license, which eliminates all fees and gives you full access to the source code, offering you freedom to customize and expand the software.
  • As already mentioned, compatibility with MySQL which gives you access to existing applications, tools, scripts using MySQL and all these can be easily switched over with minimal effort.
  • Specialized store engines, this aids quick processing of requests even under heavy load and with large data volumes.Horizontal scaling through replication and clustering can be easily configured.
  • Active community: A global community of developers and companies that contribute to the ongoing development of MariaDB databases, meaning that it constantly receives updates and new features, making it an ever-growing system.

Disadvantages

Like every product, this one also has its disadvantages. Some of them include a slightly smaller ecosystem and community if we were to compare it with MySQL. Some have reported that it can cause potential issues due to bloating (The IDX log file can become very large overtime, slowing performance) or slower caching (saying it’s not fast as it could be, which can slow down performance as well. Others complain of size limitations (its row-size limit is 65,535 bytes for combined columns), though this excludes BLOB/TEXT data stored separately. If we were to compare with PostgreSQL it’s more compatible with smaller databases.

Key Takeaways

  • MariaDB was launched in 2009 as a fork of MySQL. It’s intended to be highly compatible with MySQL, but not entirely.
  • MariaDB aids software developers with organizing databases in a structural and logical way.
  • MariaDB has a modern and flexible onset of features, including storage engines: InnoDB, Aria, MyRocks, OQGRAPH. Scalability tools - Galera cluster, Spider sharding, ColumnStore for big data. It’s backed up by modern SQL support - CTEs, Window Functions, JSON data.
  • MariaDB is a powerful, free, and flexible MySQL alternative with strong scalability and security features. It’s ideal for both small and enterprise projects but may face minor performance and size limitations in certain cases.

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